Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by proliferation of synoviocytes that produce
proinflammatory cytokines, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. When human …

Cigarette smoking is a major established environmental risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis
(RA), and synoviocyte-derived proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis …

Although cigarette smoking is a solid environmental risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
as revealed by epidemiological studies, the scientific basis has not been provided …

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the secretion of cytokines may be associated
with cigarette smoke–induced immunomodulatory effects, but a comprehensive analysis of …

Cigarette smoking (CS) is associated with a variety of human pathologies including
cardiovascular disease and cancer. Human monocytes are prevalent in oral and respiratory …

Atherosclerosis is generally considered an inflammatory disease characterized by the
accumulation of lipid in large and medium elastic arteries. Individuals who smoke are at …

Cigarette smoke (CS) activates inflammatory cells and increases cytokine levels producing
local and systemic inflammation. To assess changes in intracellular and extracellular …

Exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor contributing to the severity of respiratory tract
infections associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Stimulation of airway epithelial …

Chronic smoking is characterized by immunosuppressive changes in the airways, leading to
chronic colonization with bacteria, which in turn may contribute to the chronic obstructive …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the chronic
inflammation of the synovium, which develops to joint destruction. Quite interestingly RA has …