Immunomodulating therapy has proven efficacy in the treatment of patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS), which indicates that the disease has an autoimmune genesis. However, a …

Opinion statement Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing and progressive disorder of the
central nervous system. It is characterized most commonly by episodes of clinical worsening …

TORONTO—The theory that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, or CCSVI, could be
associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains largely unproven, doctors say. The …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with not yet
completely understood pathogenesis. The so called “chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disease characterized by
multifocal areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration within the brain and …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently proposed as a
contributing factor in the pathology of multiple sclerosis. This concept has gained …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been considered an autoimmune disorder—an
abnormal immune system attacking an otherwise healthy brain, spinal cord, or optic nerve …

Recent reports have emerged suggesting that multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to
abnormal venous outflow from the central nervous system, termed chronic cerebrospinal …

The objective of this review is to analyze the actual scientific controversy on chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and its association with both neurodegenerative …

A chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), is claimed to be a pathologic …