Application of functional imaging techniques to animal models is vital to understand pain
mechanisms, but is often confounded by the need to limit movement artefacts with …

Chronic pain often predicts the onset of psychological distress. Symptoms including anxiety
and depression after pain chronification reportedly are caused by brain remodeling …

Chronic pain is a major health problem, affecting 10–30% of the population in developed
countries. While chronic pain is defined as “a persistent complaint of pain lasting for more …

Human brain imaging studies have revealed several regions that are activated in patients
with chronic pain. In rodent brains, functional changes due to chronic pain have not been …

Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have
reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result …

Manganese ion (Mn2+) was used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in T1-weighted
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. They enter neural cells though voltage-gated …

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) has been extensively used in
studying the structural and functional features of the central nervous system (CNS). Divalent …

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is based on neuronal activity-
dependent manganese uptake, and provides information about nervous system function …

As imaging technology develops, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has furthered our
understanding of brain function by clarifying the anatomical structure and generating …

The ability of divalent manganese to enter neurons via calcium channels makes manganese
an excellent MRI contrast agent for the imaging of nociception, the afferent neuronal …