PM2. 5 is the main particulate air pollutant whose aerodynamic diameter is less than 2.5
micron. The inflammation of various respiratory diseases are associated with PM2. 5 …

Abstract Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2. 5)‐induced pulmonary inflammation has become a
public concern in recent years. In which, the activation of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway …

Fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2. 5) is a serious
air pollutant associated with health problems. Macrophages play an important role in the …

Background Air pollutants are important factors that contribute to the development and
exacerbation of asthma, but experimental evidence still needs to be collected and the …

Abstract Particulate matter 2.5 (< PM2. 5 μm) leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. In this study, biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in …

Epidemiological studies have associated high levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) with
increased respiratory diseases. In order to investigate the mechanisms of air pollution …

Nevertheless its mechanism has not been well explained yet, PM2. 5 is recognized to
exacerbate asthma. In the present study, the roles of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and …

Background and Purpose Recently, fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) was identified as the
main exposure risk for COPD, and inflammation is central to the development of COPD. In …

Background Particulate matter (PM) is a major component of air pollution from emissions
from anthropogenic and natural sources and is a serious problem worldwide due to its …

Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2. 5) is a continuing challenge to pulmonary
health. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in PM2. 5 exposure-induced acute …