The genomes of bacterial and viral DNA contain a much higher frequency of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides than those of vertebrates. This difference in genome structure allows the …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

Bacterial DNA contains a much higher frequency of CpG dinucleotides than are present in
mammalian DNA. Furthermore, bacterial CpG dinucleotides are often not methylated. It is …

Bacterial DNA differs from vertebrate DNA in having a much higher content of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides, in particular, base contexts that are termed 'CpG motifs'. The vertebrate …

Several types of immune cells possess pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can
distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA by detecting unmethylated CpG …

Vertebrate immune systems have evolved the ability to detect and be activated by most
microbial and viral DNAs by virtue of their content of unmethylated 'CpG motifs', which are …

The vertebrate immune system has evolved a mechanism to detect CpG motifs within
microbial DNA (CpG DNA). Synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) …

Unlike mammalian DNA, bacterial, plasmid, and synthetic DNA containing unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides in specific sequence contexts are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 …

Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are able to distinguish certain
prokaryotic DNAs from vertebrate DNAs by detecting unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in …

Immune stimulation has been widely recognized as an undesirable side effect of certain
antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which can interfere with their therapeutic …