At mammalian body temperature, the plague bacillus Yersinia pestis synthesizes
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–lipid A with poor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–stimulating activity …

Background Bacteriophages specific for Yersinia pestis are routinely used for plague
diagnostics and could be an alternative to antibiotics in case of drug-resistant plague. A …

The mammalian immune system comprises multiple physical, chemical, and cellular
components that are traditionally classified as innate and adaptive immunity. The innate …

Vaccination with live attenuated Yersinia pestis confers protection against pneumonic
plague but is not considered safe for general use. Subunit plague vaccines containing the Y …

Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, secretes a set of environmentally regulated,
plasmid pCD1-encoded virulence proteins termed Yops and V antigen (LcrV) by a type III …

Yersinia pestis causes the fatal respiratory disease pneumonic plague. Y. pestis recently
evolved from the gastrointestinal pathogen Y. pseudotuberculosis; however, it is not known …

Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, delivers six Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into
host cells upon direct bacterial contact. One of these, YopM, is necessary for virulence in a …

To establish a successful infection, Yersinia pestis requires the delivery of cytotoxic Yops to
host cells. Yops inhibit phagocytosis, block cytokine responses, and induce apoptosis of …

Yersinia pestis contains a virulence plasmid, pCD1, that encodes many virulence-
associated traits, such as the Yops (Yersinia outer proteins) and the bifunctional LcrV, which …

A characteristic of the three human-pathogenic Yersinia spp.(the plague agent Yersinia
pestis and the enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica) is …