Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a broad range of central nervous system disorders,
characterized by neuronal degeneration. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Ibudilast (IBD) is a non-selective (3, 4, 10, 11) phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, used
mainly as a bronchodilator for the treatment of bronchial asthma. PDE play a central role in …

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous
system (CNS) characterized by inflammatory demyelination and progressive axonal loss …

A key feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders
including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) is …

Ibudilast is a small molecular weight, orally administered compound that was originally
developed and approved in Japan over 20 years ago for bronchial asthma and poststroke …

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is thought to be associated with the progressive neuronal death
observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, effective neuroprotective approaches …

The prevalence of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) increases every year as the population
continues to age, leading to significant global health concerns. Overcoming this challenge …

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes that are responsible for the
hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic …

Ibudilast is a relatively nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has been marketed
for almost 20 years in Japan for treating asthma. More recently it has been found to have anti …

Neurodegenerative diseases are now generally considered as a group of disorders that
seriously and progressively impair the functions of the nervous system through selective …