Background: Health disparities, defined as a significant difference in health between
populations, are more common for diseases of the respiratory system than for those of other …

Because the frequency of major risk factors for respiratory diseases (eg, tobacco use) differs
across demographic groups (defined by socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, sexual …

Health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status persist and are
commonly encountered by practitioners of pediatric and adult pulmonary, critical care, and …

The respiratory system provides a large surface area for direct contact with airborne
environmental and occupational exposures. As such, pulmonary disease is a significant …

There is an important social imperative to study health differences and disparities in disease.
Disparities in health persist among races despite the improving health status of all …

There is expansive literature documenting the presence of health disparities, but there are
disproportionately few studies describing interventions to reduce disparity. In this narrative …

Human activity has already changed the climate, with profound implications for human
health and health-care delivery. 1, 2 The world has warmed by an average of w1 C above …

Importance Air quality has improved and smoking rates have declined over the past half-
century in the US. It is unknown whether such secular improvements, and other policies …

Ethnic and racial minority groups represent a growing segment of the population of the
United States (currently nearly 30%) and by 2050 are projected to comprise close to half of …

Rationale: Black adults have worse health outcomes compared with white adults in certain
chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To …