In peripheral inflamed tissue interactions between leukocyte-derived opioid peptides and
opioid receptors on sensory neurons lead to potent, clinically relevant inhibition of pain …

This review summarizes recent findings on neuro-immune mechanisms underlying opioid-
mediated inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured tissues …

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are
delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site …

It is accepted that inflammatory mediators released from leukocytes contribute to the
generation of pain. However, it is less well known that immune cells also produce mediators …

The analgesic effects of leukocyte-derived opioids have been exclusively demonstrated for
somatic inflammatory pain, for example, the pain associated with surgery and arthritis …

Background Inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of opioid
receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals with opioid peptides released from immune …

This chapter reviews the expression and regulation of opioid receptors in sensory neurons
and the interactions of these receptors with endogenous and exogenous opioid ligands …

Pathological pain is regulated by a balance between pro-algesic and analgesic
mechanisms. Interactions between opioid peptide-producing immune cells and peripheral …

In contrast to the traditional view that opioid antinociception is mediated exclusively within
the central nervous system, peripheral opioid receptors have been discovered and shown to …

Recent experimental and clinical research has demonstrated that opioids can produce
potent and receptor-specific analgesic effects outside the central nervous system. Opioid …