The vertebrate organizer can induce a complete body axis when transplanted to the ventral
side of a host embryo by virtue of its distinct head and trunk inducing properties …

Based on grafting experiments, Mangold and Spemann showed the dorsal blastopore lip of
an amphibian gastrula to be able to induce a secondary body axis. The equivalent of this …

The vertebrate body plan is established during gastrulation, when cells move inwards to
form the mesodermal and endodermal germ layers. Signals from a region of dorsal …

Abstract Members of the Wnt/Wingless (Wg) family of signalling proteins organize many
aspects of animal development by regulating the expression of particular target genes in …

Tcf/Lef transcription factors mediate signalling from Wingless/Wnt proteins by recruiting
Armadillo/β-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator,,,,,,. However, studies of Drosophila …

IN the Drosophila embryo, cell fate along the anterior–posterior axis is determined by
maternally expressed genes1, 2. The activity of the bicoid {bcd) gene is required for the …

A central question in the development of multicellular organisms pertains to the timing and
mechanisms of specification of the embryonic axes. In many organisms, specification of the …

Vertebrate gastrulation involves the specification and coordinated movement of large
populations of cells that give rise to the ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal germ …

The Spemann organizer in amphibian embryos is a tissue with potent head-inducing activity,
the molecular nature of which is unresolved. Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which …

Members of the Wnt and TGF-β superfamilies regulate both cell fate and proliferation during
development and tissue maintenance,,. In the early amphibian embryo, the Wnt and TGF-β …