Infection with Listeria monocytogenes elicits expansion in numbers of Ag-specific CD8+ T
cells, which then undergo programmed contraction. The remaining cells undergo further …

The T cell response to infection consists of clonal expansion of effector cells, followed by
contraction to memory levels. It was previously thought that the duration of infection …

In this study, we investigated whether B cells play a role in the induction and maintenance of
CD8 T cell memory after immunization with an intracellular bacterium, Listeria …

Memory CD8 T cells play a critical role in providing protection to immune hosts by
orchestrating rapid elimination of pathogen-infected cells after re-infection. Systemic …

IL-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a central role in maintaining a
balance between protective immunity against infection and limiting proinflammatory …

Following a primary immune response, a portion of effector T cells gives rise to long-lived
memory cells. Although primary expansion and differentiation of effector CD8 T cells is …

In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential
increase in cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting …

Interferon (IFN)-γ plays an important role in the innate immune response against intracellular
bacterial pathogens. It is commonly thought that natural killer cells are the primary source of …

CD4 T cells are known to assist the CD8 T cell response by activating APC via CD40-CD40
ligand (L) interactions. However, recent data have shown that bacterial products can directly …

Aging is associated with depressed naive T cell responses, but it is less clear whether T cell
memory established early in life also becomes impaired with age. This is particularly …