Background The vascular hypothesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), called chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), and its treatment (known as liberation therapy) was …

Background Increasing numbers of patients are raising their voice in online forums. This shift
is welcome as an act of patient autonomy, reflected in the term “expert patient”. At the same …

Background: We conducted a rigorous review of videos related to multiple sclerosis (MS)
and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) treatment posted by people with MS …

The Internet is being seen as a growing resource for health-related information for a large
number of patients. It is undeniable that its widespread presence has led to the growth of …

Objective: The objective of this longitudinal study examined, first, whether people with
multiple sclerosis who previously advocated for angioplasty to treat chronic cerebral spinal …

Objective Venoplasty has been proposed, alongside the theory of chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite concerns …

Abstract Background In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and …

Background In recent years, shared decision making (SDM) has been promoted as a model
to guide interactions between persons with MS and their neurologists to reach mutually …

Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A
recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in …