The measurement of urinary CO2 (U-CO2) may provide timely recognition of changes in the
microcirculatory status of patients, which may correlate better with the prognosis of a patient …

Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions with mortality rates exceeding
31%(Levy et al., 2012)[1]. Septicemia was the most expensive US hospital condition in 2011 …

A urinary pCO2 measurement system with a miniature planar CO2 probe has been
developed for monitoring pCO2 levels in the urine (U‐pCO2) of catheterized septic shock …

The purpose of this study is to describe a low-cost and simply made instrument capable of
measuring the total CO 2 content of microliter volumes of biological fluids utilizing a …

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if monitoring urinary bladder Pco2, Po2,
and calculated intramucosal pH would be a reliable index of tissue perfusion. Materials and …

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) monitoring in human subjects is of crucial importance in medical
practice. Transcutaneous monitors based on the Stow-Severinghaus electrode make a good …

Recent reports indicate the possible role of bladder CO 2 as a marker of low perfusion
states. To test this hypothesis, shock was induced in six beagle dogs with 1 mg/kg of E. coli …

Objective Gastrointestinal ischemia is always accompanied by an increased luminal CO 2.
Currently, air tonometry is used to measure luminal CO 2. To improve the response time a …

Decreased paCO2 (< 32 mm Hg) is an established clinical indicator for sepsis. Under the
Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRS model), it has historically been associated with …

Hyper or hypoventilation may have serious clinical consequences in critically ill patients and
should be generally avoided, especially in neurosurgical patients. Therefore, monitoring of …