Coronavirus replication is structurally and functionally associated with the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER), a major site of protein synthesis, folding, modification and sorting in the …

The replication of coronavirus, a family of important animal and human pathogens, is closely
associated with the cellular membrane compartments, especially the endoplasmic reticulum …

Coronavirus is an important pathogen with a wide spectrum of infection and potential threats
to humans and animals. Its replication occurs in the cytoplasm and is closely related to the …

The unfolded-protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction cascade triggered by
perturbation of the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR resolves ER stress …

Coronavirus replication is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the
primary cellular organelle for protein synthesis, folding, and modification. ER stress is a …

Similar to other viruses, coronavirus infection triggers cellular stress responses in infected
host cells. The close association of coronavirus replication with the endoplasmic reticulum …

The replication of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the recently …

During coronavirus replication, viral proteins induce the formation of endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)-derived double-membrane vesicles for RNA synthesis, and viral structural proteins …

Induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that allows a cell to reestablish ER homeostasis …

Viruses elicit cell and organismic stress, and offset homeostasis. They trigger intrinsic, innate
and adaptive immune responses, which limit infection. Viruses restore homeostasis by …