Plants detect the presence of neighbouring vegetation by monitoring changes in the ratio of
red (R) to far‐red (FR) wavelengths (R: FR) in ambient light. Reductions in R: FR are …

Most plants grow in dense vegetation with the risk of being out-competed by neighboring
plants. These neighbors can be detected not only through the depletion in light quantity that …

Plants detect neighboring vegetation as potential competitors for resources. Vegetation
proximity is perceived by changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (R: FR) through the …

Light limitation caused by dense vegetation is one of the greatest threats to plant survival in
natural environments. Plants detect such neighboring vegetation as a reduction in the red to …

Shade-intolerant plants perceive the reduction in the ratio of red light (R) to far-red light (FR)
as a warning of competition with neighboring vegetation and display a suite of …

When growing in search for light, plants can experience continuous or occasional shading
by other plants. Plant proximity causes a decrease in the ratio of R to far-red light (low R: FR) …

Plants growing in dense vegetations compete with their neighbors for resources such as
water, nutrients and light. The competition for light has been particularly well studied, both …

Shade avoidance is a syndrome of plastic responses to light signals encountered in
crowded plant communities and is a crucial component of competitive strategy in higher …

Major strides have been made over the past decade in elucidating the mechanisms that
mediate shade-avoidance responses. The canonical PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING …

Plants grown under dense canopies perceive through the phytochrome system a reduction
in the ratio of red to far-red light as a warning of competition, and this triggers a series of …