Introduction As antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited
countries, the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is challenging in these …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance may limit the
benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This cohort study examined patterns of drug …

Background Emerging HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) could jeopardize the success of
standardized HIV management protocols in resource-limited settings. We characterized …

Background Limited HIV-1 drug-resistance surveillance has been carried out in Ghana since
the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study sought to provide data on the …

Introduction The current expansion of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the developing world
without routine virological monitoring still raises concerns on the outcome of the strategy in …

The protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were studied in antiretroviral (ARV)-
experienced and drug-naive HIV-I-infected individuals in Libreville, Gabon. We have shown …

Background Studies of patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-
limited settings (RLS) are few. Evidence suggests most patients who appear to be …

Background The ongoing scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has
prompted the interest in surveillance of transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistance …

Introduction: Monitoring resistance to first line Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial in
preventing accumulation of viral mutations following the implementation of the World Health …

Background With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), monitoring programme
performance is needed to maximize ART efficacy and limit HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) …