The metabolic rate (MR) of four adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), two
males and two females, was quantified during trained submersion and stationing behavior in …

SUMMARY A defining physiological capability for air-breathing marine vertebrates is the
amount of oxygen that can be stored in tissues and made available during dives. To …

We measured the metabolic rate of nineteen wild and three captive, trained Southern sea
lions (Otaria flavescens, Shaw 1800) during three behavioral states: resting in air ([Formula …

The metabolic costs of foraging and the management of O2 and CO2 stores during breath-
hold diving was investigated in three female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) trained …

Accurate estimates of diving metabolic rate are central to assessing the energy needs of
marine mammals. To circumvent some of the limitations inherent with conducting energy …

ABSTRACT The New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri, is the deepest-and longest-
diving sea lion. We were interested in whether the diving ability of this animal was related to …

Marine mammals are characterized as having physiological specializations that maximize
the use of oxygen stores to prolong time spent under water. However, it has been difficult to …

Two key factors influence the diving and hence foraging ability of marine mammals:
increased oxygen stores prolong aerobic metabolism and decreased metabolism slows rate …

The diving capacity of marine mammals is typically defined by the aerobic dive limit (ADL)
which, in lieu of direct measurements, can be calculated (cADL) from total body oxygen …

Three Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus, trained to dive voluntarily to depths ranging from
10 to 50 m, were used to determine whether the relationship between activity and metabolic …