The holobiont approach proposes that species are most fully understood within the context
of their associated microbiomes, and that both host and microbial community are locked in a …

As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components
in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse …

The structure and distribution of genomic diversity in natural microbial communities is largely
unexplored. Here, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the diversity of the honey bee …

The honey bee gut microbiota influences bee health and has become an important model to
study the ecology and evolution of microbiota–host interactions. Yet, little is known about the …

Abstract The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) plays a major role in pollination and food
production. Honey bee health is a complex product of the environment, host genetics and …

Highlights•The 'hologenome'portrays a co-dependence among the bee and microbiota
genomes.•Host and pathosphere genotype can alter disease susceptibility and …

High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technologies have robust potential to improve
our understanding of bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)-associated microbial communities and …

Host-associated microbiomes can be critical for the health and proper development of
animals and plants. The answers to many fundamental questions regarding the modes of …

Bees and their microbes interact in complex networks in which bees form symbiotic
relationships with their bacteria and fungi. Microbial composition and abundance affect bee …

Anthropogenic activities and increased land use, which include industrialization, agriculture
and urbanization, directly affect pollinators by changing habitats and floral availability, and …