In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in female participation in endurance
(road and trail) running. The often reported sex differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V …

It has been suggested that gender differences in running should disappear as distances
increase, particularly past the marathon. This suggestion is primarily based on differences in …

More than a decade ago it was reported in the journal Natures that the slope of improvement
in the men's and women's running records, extrapolated from mean running velocity plotted …

The sex difference in marathon performance increases with age and place of the finisher,
even at the elite level. Sociological factors may explain the increased sex gap, but there is …

It was not until 1984 that women were permitted to compete in the Olympic marathon. Today,
more women than men participate in road racing in all distances except the marathon where …

Metabolic measurement is still the criterion for investigation of the efficiency of mechanical
work and for analysis of endurance performance in running. Metabolic demand may be …

Ultra-endurance has been defined as any exercise bout that exceeds 6 h. A number of
exceptional, record-breaking performances by female athletes in ultra-endurance sport have …

This brief review summarizes factors associated with elite endurance performance, trends in
distance running training, and participation by men and more recently women. It is framed in …

Objective. To compare differences in hip and knee kinematics and kinetics in male and
female recreational runners. Design. Gait analysis of 20 men and 20 women recreational …

This brief review investigates how sex influences triathlon performance. Performance time
for both Olympic distance and Ironman distance triathlons, and physiological considerations …