There is evidence that the dopaminergic system is involved in probabilistic reinforcement
learning and reward‐related decision‐making. However, little is known about the effects of …

Decision-making in the presence of uncertainty, ie, selecting a sequence of responses in an
uncertain environment according to a self-generated plan of action, is a complex activity that …

Reward-based decision-making has been found to activate several brain areas, including
the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral …

Decision-making is an everyday routine that entails several subprocesses. Decisions under
uncertainty occur when either prior information is incomplete or the outcomes of the decision …

Uncertainty is often inevitable in everyday life and can be both stressful and exciting. Given
its relevance to psychopathology and wellbeing, recent research has begun to address the …

Perceptual judgments are frequently made during uncertain situations. Previous human
brain imaging studies have revealed multiple cortical and subcortical areas that are …

Many decisions are made under uncertainty; that is, with limited information about their
potential consequences. Previous neuroimaging studies of decision making have implicated …

Decisions under uncertainty distinguish between those made under risk (known
probabilities) and those made under ambiguity (unknown probabilities). Despite widespread …

Individuals vary substantially in their tendency to take risks. In the past two decades, a large
number of neuroimaging studies in humans have explored the neural mechanisms of …

Risk evaluation is a critical component of decision making. Risk tolerance is relevant in both
daily decisions and pathological disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder …