Three possible effector fates await the naïve follicular B cell following antigen stimulation in
thymus-dependent reactions. Short-lived plasma cells produce an initial burst of germline …

Persistent humoral immunity depends on the follicular B cell response and on the
generation of somatically mutated high‐affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. Upon …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide help to B cells and are crucial for establishment of
germinal center (GC) reactions, including production of high-affinity antibodies and …

To optimize the initial wave of Ab production against T-dependent Ags, primary B cell clones
with the highest Ag affinity are selected to generate the largest extrafollicular plasmablast …

B cells responding to T-dependent antigen either differentiate rapidly into extrafollicular
plasma cells or enter germinal centers and undergo somatic hypermutation and affinity …

Diverse B cell responses are important for generating antibody‐mediated protection against
highly variable pathogens. While some antigens can trigger T‐independent B cell …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are a class of helper T cells specialized in the cognate control
of antigen-specific B cell immunity. Upon first contact with antigen-primed B cells …

B cells act as immune effectors, primarily through antigen-specific clonal expansion and
plasma-cell differentiation. B1 (CD5+) B cells and marginal zone B cells dominate T-cell …

Although autoantigen-induced negative selection plays an important role in shaping the
mature B-cell repertoire, studies in recent years have suggested that differentiation into any …

T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) localize to follicles where they provide growth and
selection signals to mutated germinal center (GC) B cells, thus promoting their differentiation …