Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and inflammation play the central role in …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis.
TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects …

Inflammation and fibrosis are two pathological features of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been long considered as a key mediator of renal …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key
members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney …

TGF-β1 has been long considered as a key mediator in renal fibrosis and induces renal
scarring largely by activating its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Interestingly, while …

Extensive studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) plays an
important role in the progression of renal diseases. TGF‐β exerts its biological functions …

Chronic progressive kidney diseases typically are characterized by active renal fibrosis and
inflammation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key mediator in the development …

It has been shown that transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) is a potent mediator in renal
fibrosis and that Smad proteins are critical intracellular mediators in TGF-β signaling. It is …

Renal inflammation and fibrosis are key pathological features of acute kidney injury (AKI)
and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smad3 is a critical mediator of TGF-β signaling and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was a major public health problem worldwide. Renal fibrosis,
especially tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is final manifestation of CKD. Many studies have …