Evolutionarily, the nervous system and immune cells have evolved to communicate with
each other to control inflammation and host responses against injury. Recent findings in …

Bacterial induced inflammatory responses cause pain through direct activation of
nociceptive neurons, and the ablation of these neurons leads to increased immune …

Interneurons operating with glycine neurotransmitter are involved in the regulation of pain
transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In addition to interneurons, glycine release …

Background: The peripheral immune-derived opioid analgesic pathway has been well
established as a novel target in the clinical pain management of a number of painful …

Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of the potential for morphine to lead to
angiogenesis and metastasis. Background. Morphine is often the treatment of choice for …

The incidence of oral cancer in the United States is increasing, especially in young people
and women. Patients with oral cancer report severe functional pain. Using a patient cohort …

Sigma-1 antagonism potentiates the antinociceptive effects of opioid drugs, so sigma-1
receptors constitute a biological brake to opioid drug-induced analgesia. The …

Prolonged delivery of analgesic drugs at target sites remains a critical issue for efficient pain
management. The use of nano-carriers has been reported to facilitate applicable delivery of …

Effector CD4+ T lymphocytes generated in response to antigens produce endogenous
opioids. Thus, in addition to their critical role in host defenses against pathogens, effector …

Peripheral immune cell-mediated analgesia in inflammation is an important endogenous
mechanism of pain control. Opioid receptors localized on peripheral sensory nerve terminals …