… It has been suggested that alpha toxin production is an essential virulence factor in the
pathogenesis of NE [7], but recently it was established that only strains producing NetB toxin, a β-…

… Clostridium perfringens type A and C are the primary etiological … advancements in the
understanding of the virulence factors of C. … Necrotic enteritis in poultry is caused by alpha-toxin-…

… of necrotic enteritis, an important … enteritis were also positive for alpha toxin by ELISA. These
two cases might be positive due to the presence of subclinical form of necrotic enteritis even …

… perfringens alpha-toxin in serum from broilers. We found … in broilers with a history of subclinical
necrotic enteritis compared with … perfringens is considered a major virulence factor in the …

… factor associated with pathogenesis of NE; however, recent work has indicated that cpa toxin
is not an essential virulence factor in NE in chickens (… In the present study, alpha toxin was …

… essential oils, organic acids, and enzymes have been presented as alternatives to mitigate
the incidence of necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers… be the principal virulence factors, capable of …

… was associated with virulent but not with avirulent strains. This study showed that some
alpha-toxin-minus mutants … Of these six proteins, perfringolysin O is a known virulence factor of C. …

… A mutant strain was used to show that NetB is crucial for the induction of avian necrotic
enteritis [24]. This approach also identified beta toxin as an essential virulence factor of C. …

… Alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis
in … with avian necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens. PLoS Pathog. 4(2): e26. …

… Involvement of virulence factors other than the alpha and … of Clostridium perfringens reveals
that both alpha-toxin and … of Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers …