… have shown that peripheral antinociception mediated by μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors is …
Interactions of immunederived opioid peptides and opioid receptors located in peripheral …

… such as inflammatory pain, immune-derived opioids might also cause peripheral antinociception
[9]. … in plasma might reduce peripheral pain acting synergistically with immune derived …

… pathways play a role in intrinsic pain inhibition, with central opioid receptors taking … ,
antinociception is solely mediated by immune-derived opioid peptides that activate peripheral opioid …

… of immune-derived opioids is … Potent antinociception was also shown in models of nerve
damage 10,20,33 and visceral 80 , thermal 46,48 and bone pain 81 . Thus, peripheral opioids …

… However, the peripheral action of lactoferrin remains unknown… showed antinociceptive effect
that was reversed by a μ-opioid … nociception acting in synergy with immune-derived opioids. …

… antinociceptive influence. We hypothesized that a component of the immune system exerts
an antinociceptive … results identify opioids as the mediator of this immune-based peripheral …

… The expression of immune-derived opioids is stimulated by viruses, endotoxins, cytokines, …
produces dose-dependent and opioid receptor-specific antinociception. Such effects were …

… a unique simultaneous upregulation of peripheral opioid receptors and of their endogenous
… enhancing the transport and release of immune-derived opioid peptides into injured tissue. …