… Further studies showed endogenous immune-derived opioids exhibiting tonic pain … advantages:
In rats, peripheral antinociceptive effects of opioids are more readily detectable and they …

… For antinociception the effect on the central nerve terminals … Chronic stress also reduces the
level of immune-derived GHRH [… Targeting peripheral opioid receptors to promote analgetic …

… in the number of opioid-containing PMN cells, which can secrete opioids and attenuate …
the immune system is essential for peripheral antinociception. In addition, endorphins help …

… clinical activation of the peripheral immune-derived opioid response. … antinociceptive
effect of loperamide HCl-encapsulated liposomes was due to interaction with peripheral opioid …

… periphery and the CNS. In some pathological conditions, immune-derived opioids cause
peripheral antinociception (… may reduce peripheral pain, acting in synergy with immune-derived …

… immune-derived opioid peptides are the most likely endogenous ligands of peripheral
opioid receptors which are expressed in primary sensory neurons and located on peripheral …

… Immune-derived mediators resolving pain The first evidence of immune-derived mediators …
-nociceptive effects through μ, δ or κ opioid receptors expressed by sensory neurons [137]. An …

… The expression of immune-derived opioids is stimulated by viruses, endotoxins, cytokines, …
Moreover, a large proportion (> 50%) of the antinociceptive effects produced by systemically …

… to the analgesic effect of opioids. We propose that opioids should be considered members
of the cytokine family and that future research on opioids could yield new therapies for …

… PEA acts on many cell types, including immune-derived non-… The notion that the
endocannabinoid and opioid systems are … in peripheral anti-nociception produced by μ-, κ- or …