… in human fertilization failure in infertile patients as high … Recent advances in molecular
genetics have drastically … Zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix that …

… Molecular genetics of male infertility … the outermost layer of the oocyte, the zona pellucida
(Stauss et al. 1995). … acrosome reaction to digest the zona pellucida and initiate fertilization, …

… In mammals, the zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular … mutations in ZP genes are closely
related to female infertility (… −/− mice were not even enveloped by a zona pellucida and also …

… Thus, we anticipate that future genetic investigations will focus on infertile men with a … to
penetrate the zona pellucida. Further studies of mutant Zpbp2 mice demonstrated that aberrant …

… In mice, female mice lacking either ZP2 or ZP3 are unable to form a … Mutations in the
ZP2 gene and the ZP3 gene could also affect the zona pellucida and cause infertility, not only …

… and lacked the zona pellucida (ZP). ZP3 is a major component of the ZP filament. When …
It has been demonstrated that female Zp3-deficient mice are completely infertile. Even though …

… mice that are homozygous null for either ZP2 (ZP2 −/− ) or ZP3 (ZP3 −/− ) produce eggs that
lack a ZP and are infertile due … Many ZPD proteins are present in ECMs, and mutations in the …

… released to dissolve zona pellucida proteins during fertilization. … Male mice lacking SPAG6
are infertile because their sperm … sperm despite the fact that mutant sperm are misshapen and/…

… approach to identify infertility causing mutations is to conduct … Although recent advances in
molecular biology and the … the ability to bind the zona pellucida of the oocyte and undergo the …

… In conclusion, our study provides the first direct evidence clarifying that biallelic mutations
in ACR cause male infertility with TFF in humans. ICSI without AOA can effectively bypass this …