In inflammation, resident cells and infiltrating leukocytes produce proalgesic mediators.
Although these mediators induce pain, the role of specific cell populations is still …

Background Acute pain is a warning mechanism that exists to prevent tissue damage,
however pain can outlast its protective purpose and persist beyond injury, becoming …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory
and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by …

It is recently become clear that activated immune cells and immune-like glial cells can
dramatically alter neuronal function. By increasing neuronal excitability, these non-neuronal …

This study examined a mechanism responsible for the enhanced antihyperalgesic and
antinociceptive effects of the μ opioid receptor agonist (ORA)[d-Ala 2, NMePhe 4, Gly 5-ol] …

Opioid analgesics devoid of central side effects are unmet medical need in the treatment of
acute pain (eg post-operative pain). Recently, we have reported on 14-O-methylmorphine-6 …

A high-intensity potentially tissue-injuring stimulus generates a homotopic response to
escape the stimulus and is associated with an affective phenotype considered to represent …

Local analgesic effects of exogenous opioid agonists are particularly prominent in painful
inflammatory conditions and are mediated by opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerves …

Numerous experimental studies provide evidence that proinflammatory cytokines induce or
facilitate inflammatory as well as neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia. Direct receptor …

The advance in our understanding of the biogenesis of various endogenous opioid
peptides, their anatomical distribution, and the characteristics of the multiple receptors with …