… of opioid receptors toward the peripheral sensory nerve endings is enhanced. In the periphery,
the increased number of opioid … opioid peptides (eg, β-endorphin). These endogenous …

… the pronociceptive and antinociceptive role of immune cells in inflammatory conditions and,
therefore, to determine the clinical significance of immunederived peripheral antinociception. …

… the antinociceptive effect … antinociception through the release of opioid peptides in the
cancer microenvironment. Cancers other than oral SCC have also been shown to produce opioids …

… plays an integral role in the immunomodulatory activity of opioids. Previously, our laboratory
reported that activation of the μ-opioid receptor induced the expression of CCL2, CCL5, and …

… also demonstrated that opioid-containing … peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia. We
investigated whether pre-irradiation of blood by LLLT enhances peripheral endogenous opioid …

… the sensitization of peripheral opioid receptors and peripheral antinociception observed
during … that knockout mice for β-arrestin 2 exhibit enhanced antinociception (Bohn et al., 1999), …

… Taken together, it LPS may increase the levels of immune-derived endogenous opioid
peptides, … that antinociceptive synergy occurs following combined mu and delta opioid receptor …

… , is thought to be the predominant opioid peptide involved in antinociception.11, 53, 58 In
addition to immune-derived opioid peptides, exogenous opioids such as morphine can be …

… Using the CFA model of chronic inflammatory pain, we evaluated peripheral immune-derived
endogenous opioid antinociception (6, 32–35) in WT and TRPV1 −/− mice by measuring …

… containing opioid peptides to inflamed tissue, while opioid … of opioid peptides by immunocytes,
activating peripheral opioid … analgesia by releasing opioid peptides from leucocytes, …