Context: Lupus nephritis is the most common complication that causes the death of systemic
lupus erythematosus patients. CD28/CTLA4 and their ligands CD80 or CD86 costimulatory …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased
autoantibody production that leads to multiple tissue injuries. Dendritic cells (DCs) are …

We have previously shown that immune tolerance induced by the anti-DNA Ig peptide
pCons in (NZB× NZW) F1 (NZB/W) lupus mice prolonged survival of treated animals and …

In vivo treatment of mice with the natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand, α-galactosylceramide
(αGalCer), ameliorates autoimmune diabetes and experimental autoimmune …

Successful T cell activation via the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex requires at least one
contact-dependent second signal delivered by costimulatory molecules, including the …

Abstract The B6. Sle1. Sle2. Sle3 triple congenic mouse (B6. TC) is a model of lupus
coexpressing the three major NZM2410-derived susceptibility loci on a C57BL/6 …

Abstract MRL/Mpj-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop autoimmune disorders, including
lymphoproliferation, glomerulonephritis, autoantibody production, and …

Objective This study was undertaken to assess the effect of myeloid‐derived suppressor
cells (MDSCs) on various B cell subsets, including regulatory B cells, as well as to assess …

Defective T cell functions, including IL‐2 production and proliferation, have been shown in
SLE patients. After T cell stimulation (first signal), a costimulatory signal (second signal) is …

Lupus nephritis (LN) develops in more than a third of all systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) patients and is the strongest predictor of morbidity and mortality. Increased circulating …